Coolant Thermostat

Check coolant level when the engine is cold

Look for: Low coolant reduces the system's ability to reach and hold operating temperature — top off and recheck before assuming the thermostat or sensor is at fault.

Compare scan-tool coolant temperature to actual warm-up time

Look for: An engine that takes noticeably longer than normal to reach operating temperature (or never gets there) on the scan tool, with normal coolant level, points to the thermostat rather than the sensor.

Inspect thermostat operation

Look for: A thermostat stuck open (or opening at the wrong temperature) lets coolant circulate through the radiator too early, keeping the engine running cooler than it should — this is the most common cause of this code.

Check cooling fan command

Look for: A fan that runs constantly or turns on too early (commanded on when temperature is still low) keeps the engine from warming up normally, mimicking a stuck-open thermostat.

Inspect coolant temperature sensor data

Look for: A sensor reading that doesn't rise smoothly with actual engine warm-up, or that reads implausibly low compared to how the engine feels/behaves, points to a sensor or wiring fault rather than a true cooling problem.