Cylinder 1 Misfire
P0301 means the engine computer detected repeated misfires on cylinder 1. Because it names one cylinder, diagnosis usually starts by comparing cylinder 1 ignition, fuel, and compression against the other cylinders.
Do not ignore a cylinder-specific misfire, especially if the light flashes. Raw fuel can damage the catalytic converter.
Common symptoms
- Rough idle
- Shaking
- Poor acceleration
- Check engine light
- Fuel economy drop
Likely causes
- Bad cylinder 1 spark plug
- Bad cylinder 1 ignition coil
- Injector issue
- Vacuum leak near cylinder 1
- Compression problem
What to check before replacing parts
Swap the ignition coil with another cylinder and see if the code follows
Look for: If the misfire follows the coil to its new cylinder, the coil is bad. If cylinder 1 keeps misfiring with a known-good coil installed, the fault is in that cylinder's plug, injector, wiring, or mechanical condition.
Inspect the cylinder 1 spark plug
Look for: Black/sooty deposits point to a rich mixture, oily deposits point to oil intrusion past the rings or valve seals, and a white/blistered or cracked plug points to a lean or overheating condition. A worn or out-of-spec gap alone can cause a misfire under load.
Check cylinder 1 injector pulse and flow
Look for: A dead injector shows no pulse at all (noid light or clicking test) or measurably lower flow/resistance than the other injectors — either confirms a fuel-delivery cause rather than ignition.
Look for an intake leak near cylinder 1
Look for: Hissing at idle or a smoke-test leak right by that runner or intake gasket lets in unmetered air, leaning out just that cylinder enough to misfire.
Test compression on cylinder 1
Look for: Compression well below the other cylinders (or below spec) means the misfire is mechanical — a valve, ring, or head gasket problem that no ignition or fuel part will fix.
This page explains the generic P0301 definition and is general reference information, not a diagnosis for your specific vehicle. Actual causes, severity, and repairs vary by make, model, engine, and mileage — always confirm with a scan tool and a qualified technician before replacing parts.
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